正常状况 Normal Operations
火花塞绝缘体裙端呈黄褐色或浅灰白色,电极烧蚀很小,表明该火花塞与发动机是匹配的。
The nose of insulator appears yellow-brown, or liqhtish gray, electrode erosion is light.It shows the spark plug is suitable for the engine.
过热 Overheating
绝缘体裙端呈“灼白”状,电极过早烧蚀。
原因:点火时间过早,冷却条件差;使用了低辛烷值的汽油,混合气太稀;火花塞伸到燃烧室太长以及所使用的火花热值过低;火花塞安装力矩不够,外密封漏气严重。
措施:应换用热值较高的火花塞。
The insulator nose appears bleached white electrode melted.
Cause: Pre-ignition, insufficient cooling, low octane gasoline and thin fuel mixture are used, spark plug extened into the combustion chamber is too long or a too hot spark plug is used, etc.
Action : Change to installing a colder type of spark plugs.
积炭 Carbon fouling
铁壳旋入部分端面及内腔表面，绝缘体裙端和两电极表面被黑色炭沉积物覆盖,严重时引起火花塞熄火。
原因:主要是由于混合气过浓,空气滤清器堵塞，阻风门使用不当;机油耗量过高,点火时间滞后,热值过高。
措施:检测点火圈输出电压,空载输出电压>3万伏,换用热值较低的火花塞。
Black carbon fouling deposited on the firing-end of the plug, when this becomes serious, it may cause misfiring.
Cause:Carbon fouling is usually the result of an overrich fuel mixture, misusing of chock, clogged air filter,too much oil consume, related ignition timlng, long time low speed operation, the plug used is too cold.
Action:Inspect the output voltage of ignition coil, unloaded output voltage exceeds 30kv, installing a hotter type of spark plugs.
油污Oil Fouling
铁壳旋放部分端面周围及内腔表面、绝缘体裙端和电极表面粘附着黑色湿润的光亮油迹。
原因：主要是活塞环，气门的磨损或由于化油器调节不当，使混合过浓造成的。
措施：换用热值较低的火花塞也能暂时解决这个问题。
Black wet shiny oil deposited on the firing-end of plug.
Cause:Worn piston ring,worn valve,or misadjustment of carburetor,causing over-rich fuel mixture.
Action:The fundamental reason of oil fouling is not the incorrect choice of spark plug,but it can be solved temporarily by a hotter type of spark plug.
电晕 Corona stain
绝缘体上有一层黄色的垢，如果是四缸发动机一般有两只会有黄色的污垢。
原因：空气在2-3万伏高电压下被电离，空气中的杂质附着在绝缘体上形成的。
措施：火花塞本身没有问题，不影响火花塞使用。
A brown stain deposited on the insulator.Generally,if spark plugs installed into four cylinders engine,two of them will have this problem.
Cause:The air ionized at 20kv-30kv high voltages and the impruity of air adhered to the insulator surface.
Action:There’s no deterioration to the function of spark plug.
瓷件表面闪络 Insulator surface flashover
瓷件表面沿轴向有明显的电弧烧烁的痕迹。
原因：火花塞使用时间过长、电极烧损、间隙过大，高压线护套绝缘性能差，老化；高压线护套与瓷件的间隙过大。
措施：更换高压线或在高压线内孔涂硅油，调整火花塞间隙或更换火花塞。
There is obvious arc burn marks along the axial of insulator.
Cause:The service time of spark plugs is too long,melted electrode,gap is too wide,the boot of spark plug wire has poor insulation and is aging.The gap between spark plug wire boot and insulator is too wide.
Action:Change spark plug wire or smear silicon oil in spark plug wire.Adjust the spark plug gap or change spark plugs.
